# Text Processing Services

The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of string manipulation operations and other text processing services.

The `codecs` module described under Binary Data Services is also highly relevant to text processing. In addition, see the documentation for Python’s built-in string type in Text Sequence Type — str.

- `string` — Common string operations
  - String constants
  - Custom String Formatting
  - Format String Syntax
    - Format Specification Mini-Language
    - Format examples
  - Template strings
  - Helper functions
- `re` — Regular expression operations
  - Regular Expression Syntax
  - Module Contents
    - Flags
    - Functions
    - Exceptions
  - Regular Expression Objects
  - Match Objects
  - Regular Expression Examples
    - Checking for a Pair
    - Simulating scanf()
    - search() vs. match()
    - Making a Phonebook
    - Text Munging
    - Finding all Adverbs
    - Finding all Adverbs and their Positions
    - Raw String Notation
    - Writing a Tokenizer
- `difflib` — Helpers for computing deltas
  - SequenceMatcher Objects
  - SequenceMatcher Examples
  - Differ Objects
  - Differ Example
  - A command-line interface to difflib
  - ndiff example
- `textwrap` — Text wrapping and filling
- `unicodedata` — Unicode Database
- `stringprep` — Internet String Preparation
- `readline` — GNU readline interface
  - Init file
  - Line buffer
  - History file
  - History list
  - Startup hooks
  - Completion
  - Example
- `rlcompleter` — Completion function for GNU readline
  - Completer Objects