# Configuring Salt

Salt configuration is very simple. The default configuration for the master will work for most installations and the only requirement for setting up a minion is to set the location of the master in the minion configuration file.

The configuration files will be installed to `/etc/salt` and are named after the respective components, `/etc/salt/master`, and `/etc/salt/minion`.

## Master Configuration

By default the Salt master listens on ports 4505 and 4506 on all interfaces (0.0.0.0). To bind Salt to a specific IP, redefine the "interface" directive in the master configuration file, typically `/etc/salt/master`, as follows:

    - #interface: 0.0.0.0
    + interface: 10.0.0.1

After updating the configuration file, restart the Salt master. See the master configuration reference for more details about other configurable options.

## Minion Configuration

Although there are many Salt Minion configuration options, configuring a Salt Minion is very simple. By default a Salt Minion will try to connect to the DNS name "salt"; if the Minion is able to resolve that name correctly, no configuration is needed.

If the DNS name "salt" does not resolve to point to the correct location of the Master, redefine the "master" directive in the minion configuration file, typically `/etc/salt/minion`, as follows:

    - #master: salt
    + master: 10.0.0.1

After updating the configuration file, restart the Salt minion. See the minion configuration reference for more details about other configurable options.

## Proxy Minion Configuration

A proxy minion emulates the behaviour of a regular minion and inherits their options.

Similarly, the configuration file is `/etc/salt/proxy` and the proxy tries to connect to the DNS name "salt".

In addition to the regular minion options, there are several proxy-specific - see the proxy minion configuration reference.

## Running Salt

1. Start the master in the foreground (to daemonize the process, pass the `-d flag`):

       salt-master

2. Start the minion in the foreground (to daemonize the process, pass the `-d flag`):

       salt-minion

Having trouble?

The simplest way to troubleshoot Salt is to run the master and minion in the foreground with `log level` set to `debug`:

    salt-master --log-level=debug

For information on salt's logging system please see the logging document.

Run as an unprivileged (non-root) user

To run Salt as another user, set the `user` parameter in the master config file.

Additionally, ownership, and permissions need to be set such that the desired user can read from and write to the following directories (and their subdirectories, where applicable):

- /etc/salt

- /var/cache/salt

- /var/log/salt

- /var/run/salt

More information about running salt as a non-privileged user can be found here.

There is also a full troubleshooting guide available.

## Key Identity

Salt provides commands to validate the identity of your Salt master and Salt minions before the initial key exchange. Validating key identity helps avoid inadvertently connecting to the wrong Salt master, and helps prevent a potential MiTM attack when establishing the initial connection.

### Master Key Fingerprint

Print the master key fingerprint by running the following command on the Salt master:

    salt-key -F master

Copy the `master.pub` fingerprint from the Local Keys section, and then set this value as the `master_finger` in the minion configuration file. Save the configuration file and then restart the Salt minion.

### Minion Key Fingerprint

Run the following command on each Salt minion to view the minion key fingerprint:

    salt-call --local key.finger

Compare this value to the value that is displayed when you run the `salt-key --finger <MINION_ID>` command on the Salt master.

## Key Management

Salt uses AES encryption for all communication between the Master and the Minion. This ensures that the commands sent to the Minions cannot be tampered with, and that communication between Master and Minion is authenticated through trusted, accepted keys.

Before commands can be sent to a Minion, its key must be accepted on the Master. Run the `salt-key` command to list the keys known to the Salt Master:

    [root@master ~]# salt-key -L
    Unaccepted Keys:
    alpha
    bravo
    charlie
    delta
    Accepted Keys:

This example shows that the Salt Master is aware of four Minions, but none of the keys has been accepted. To accept the keys and allow the Minions to be controlled by the Master, again use the `salt-key` command:

    [root@master ~]# salt-key -A
    [root@master ~]# salt-key -L
    Unaccepted Keys:
    Accepted Keys:
    alpha
    bravo
    charlie
    delta

The `salt-key` command allows for signing keys individually or in bulk. The example above, using `-A` bulk-accepts all pending keys. To accept keys individually use the lowercase of the same option, `-a keyname`.

See also

salt-key manpage

## Sending Commands

Communication between the Master and a Minion may be verified by running the `test.version` command:

    [root@master ~]# salt alpha test.version
    alpha:
        2018.3.4

Communication between the Master and all Minions may be tested in a similar way:

    [root@master ~]# salt '*' test.version
    alpha:
        2018.3.4
    bravo:
        2018.3.4
    charlie:
        2018.3.4
    delta:
        2018.3.4

Each of the Minions should send a `2018.3.4` response as shown above, or any other salt version installed.

## What's Next?

Understanding targeting is important. From there, depending on the way you wish to use Salt, you should also proceed to learn about Remote Execution and Configuration Management.