<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE library PUBLIC "-//Boost//DTD BoostBook XML V1.0//EN"
"http://www.boost.org/tools/boostbook/dtd/boostbook.dtd">

<!-- Copyright (c) 2002-2006 Pavol Droba.
     Subject to the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. 
     (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or  http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
-->

<section id="string_algo.concept" last-revision="$Date$">
    <title>Concepts</title>

    <using-namespace name="boost"/>
    <using-namespace name="boost::algorithm"/>

    <section>   
        <title>Definitions</title>
        
        <table>
            <title>Notation</title>
            <tgroup cols="2" align="left">
                <tbody>
                    <row>
                        <entry><code>F</code></entry>
                        <entry>A type that is a model of Finder</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry><code>Fmt</code></entry>
                        <entry>A type that is a model of Formatter</entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry><code>Iter</code></entry>
                        <entry>
                            Iterator Type
                        </entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry><code>f</code></entry>
                        <entry>Object of type <code>F</code></entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry><code>fmt</code></entry>
                        <entry>Object of type <code>Fmt</code></entry>
                    </row>
                    <row>
                        <entry><code>i,j</code></entry>
                        <entry>Objects of type <code>Iter</code></entry>
                    </row>
                    </tbody>
            </tgroup>
        </table>
    </section>

    <section id="string_algo.finder_concept">
        <title>Finder Concept</title>

        <para>
            Finder is a functor which searches for an arbitrary part of a container. 
            The result of the search is given as an <classname>iterator_range</classname> 
            delimiting the selected part.
        </para>

        <table>             
            <title>Valid Expressions</title>
            <tgroup cols="3" align="left">
                <thead>
                    <row>   
                        <entry>Expression</entry>
                        <entry>Return Type</entry>
                        <entry>Effects</entry>
                    </row>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                    <row>
                        <entry><code>f(i,j)</code></entry>
                        <entry>Convertible to <code>iterator_range&lt;Iter&gt;</code></entry>
                        <entry>Perform the search on the interval [i,j) and returns the result of the search</entry>
                    </row>
                </tbody>
            </tgroup>
        </table>

        <para>
            Various algorithms need to perform a search in a container and a Finder is a generalization of such
            search operations that allows algorithms to abstract from searching. For instance, generic replace
            algorithms can replace any part of the input, and the Finder is used to select the desired one.
        </para>
        <para>
            Note, that it is only required that the finder works with a particular iterator type. However,
            a Finder operation can be defined as a template, allowing the Finder to work with any iterator.
        </para>
        <para>
            <emphasis role="bold">Examples</emphasis>
        </para>
        <para> 
            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem>
                    Finder implemented as a class. This Finder always returns the whole input as a match. <code>operator()</code>
                    is templated, so that the finder can be used on any iterator type.
                    
                    <programlisting>
struct simple_finder
{
    template&lt;typename ForwardIteratorT&gt;
    boost::iterator_range&lt;ForwardIteratorT&gt; operator()(
        ForwardIteratorT Begin,
        ForwardIteratorT End )
    {
        return boost::make_range( Begin, End );
    }
};
        </programlisting>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    Function Finder. Finder can be any function object. That is, any ordinary function with the
                    required signature can be used as well. However, such a function can be used only for
                    a specific iterator type. 
                    
                    <programlisting>
boost::iterator_range&lt;std::string&gt; simple_finder(
    std::string::const_iterator Begin,
    std::string::const_iterator End )
{
    return boost::make_range( Begin, End );
}
        </programlisting>
                </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
        </para> 
    </section>
    <section id="string_algo.formatter_concept">
        <title>Formatter concept</title>

        <para>
            Formatters are used by <link linkend="string_algo.replace">replace algorithms</link>.
            They are used in close combination with finders.
            A formatter is a functor, which takes a result from a Finder operation and transforms it in a specific way. 
            The operation of the formatter can use additional information provided by a specific finder,
            for example <functionname>regex_formatter()</functionname> uses the match information from
            <functionname>regex_finder()</functionname> to format the result of formatter operation.
        </para>
    
        <table>
            <title>Valid Expressions</title>
            <tgroup cols="3" align="left">
                <thead>
                    <row>   
                        <entry>Expression</entry>
                        <entry>Return Type</entry>
                        <entry>Effects</entry>
                    </row>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                   <row>
                        <entry><code>fmt(f(i,j))</code></entry>
                        <entry>A container type, accessible using container traits</entry>
                        <entry>Formats the result of the finder operation</entry>
                    </row>
                </tbody>
            </tgroup>
        </table>

        <para>
            Similarly to finders, formatters generalize format operations. When a finder is used to 
            select a part of the input, formatter takes this selection and performs some formatting
            on it. Algorithms can abstract from formatting using a formatter.
        </para>
        <para>
            <emphasis role="bold">Examples</emphasis>
        </para>
        <para> 
            <itemizedlist>
                <listitem>
                    Formatter implemented as a class. This Formatter does not perform any formatting and 
                    returns the match, repackaged. <code>operator()</code>
                    is templated, so that the Formatter can be used on any Finder type.
                    
                    <programlisting>
struct simple_formatter
{
    template&lt;typename FindResultT&gt;
    std::string operator()( const FindResultT&amp; Match )
    {
        std::string Temp( Match.begin(), Match.end() );
        return Temp;
    }
};
                </programlisting>
                </listitem>
                <listitem>
                    Function Formatter. Similarly to Finder, Formatter can be any function object. 
                    However, as a function, it can be used only with a specific Finder type. 
                  
                    <programlisting>
std::string simple_formatter( boost::iterator_range&lt;std::string::const_iterator&gt;&amp; Match )
{
    std::string Temp( Match.begin(), Match.end() );
    return Temp;
}
                    </programlisting>
                </listitem>
            </itemizedlist>
        </para> 
     </section>
</section>
