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##### buffer (with strategies)

Calculates the buffer of a geometry.

###### Description

The free function buffer calculates the buffer (a polygon being the spatial point set collection within a specified maximum distance from a geometry) of a geometry.

###### Synopsis

    template<typename GeometryIn, typename GeometryOut, typename DistanceStrategy, typename SideStrategy,
             typename JoinStrategy, typename EndStrategy, typename PointStrategy>
    void buffer(GeometryIn const & geometry_in, GeometryOut & geometry_out, DistanceStrategy const & distance_strategy,
                SideStrategy const & side_strategy, JoinStrategy const & join_strategy, EndStrategy const & end_strategy,
                PointStrategy const & point_strategy)

###### Parameters

Type | Concept | Name | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
GeometryIn const & | Any type fulfilling a Geometry Concept | geometry_in | A model of the specified concept
GeometryOut & | A type fulfilling the GeometryOut Concept | geometry_out | output geometry, e.g. multi polygon, will contain a buffered version of the input geometry
DistanceStrategy const & | A strategy defining distance (or radius) | distance_strategy | The distance strategy to be used
SideStrategy const & | A strategy defining creation along sides | side_strategy | The side strategy to be used
JoinStrategy const & | A strategy defining creation around convex corners | join_strategy | The join strategy to be used
EndStrategy const & | A strategy defining creation at linestring ends | end_strategy | The end strategy to be used
PointStrategy const & | A strategy defining creation around points | point_strategy | The point strategy to be used

###### Header

Either

`#include <boost/geometry.hpp>`

Or

`#include <boost/geometry/algorithms/buffer.hpp>`

###### Strategies

The 5 strategies give the user control to the generated buffer

- convex corners can be rounded or sharp
- line-ends can be rounded or flat
- distance can be symmetric or assymetric, and positive or negative
- around points the shape can be circular or square
- the sides can be controlled (currently there is only one option provided)

By specifying a negative distance for the distance_strategy, for the (multi) polygon case, the polygon will be smaller (also known as deflate). The distance cannot be 0.

The next figure shows where in the generated buffer the strategies have effect

###### Conformance

The function buffer implements function Buffer from the OGC Simple Feature Specification.

It is conformant if used with the following combination of strategies: join_round, end_round, distance_symmetric, point_circle, side_straight

###### Supported geometries

| 2D Cartesian | Geographic
--- | --- | ---
Point |  |
Segment |  |
Box |  |
Linestring |  |
Ring |  |
Polygon |  |
MultiPoint |  |
MultiLinestring |  |
MultiPolygon |  |

###### Examples

Shows how the buffer algorithm can be used to create a buffer of a linestring, a multi point, a multi polygon

    #include <boost/geometry.hpp>
    #include <boost/geometry/geometries/point_xy.hpp>
    #include <boost/geometry/geometries/geometries.hpp>

    int main()
    {
        typedef double coordinate_type;
        typedef boost::geometry::model::d2::point_xy<coordinate_type> point;
        typedef boost::geometry::model::polygon<point> polygon;

        // Declare strategies
        const double buffer_distance = 1.0;
        const int points_per_circle = 36;
        boost::geometry::strategy::buffer::distance_symmetric<coordinate_type> distance_strategy(buffer_distance);
        boost::geometry::strategy::buffer::join_round join_strategy(points_per_circle);
        boost::geometry::strategy::buffer::end_round end_strategy(points_per_circle);
        boost::geometry::strategy::buffer::point_circle circle_strategy(points_per_circle);
        boost::geometry::strategy::buffer::side_straight side_strategy;

        // Declare output
        boost::geometry::model::multi_polygon<polygon> result;

        // Declare/fill a linestring
        boost::geometry::model::linestring<point> ls;
        boost::geometry::read_wkt("LINESTRING(0 0,4 5,7 4,10 6)", ls);

        // Create the buffer of a linestring
        boost::geometry::buffer(ls, result,
                    distance_strategy, side_strategy,
                    join_strategy, end_strategy, circle_strategy);

        // Declare/fill a multi point
        boost::geometry::model::multi_point<point> mp;
        boost::geometry::read_wkt("MULTIPOINT((3 3),(4 4),(6 2))", mp);

        // Create the buffer of a multi point
        boost::geometry::buffer(mp, result,
                    distance_strategy, side_strategy,
                    join_strategy, end_strategy, circle_strategy);

        // Declare/fill a multi_polygon
        boost::geometry::model::multi_polygon<polygon> mpol;
        boost::geometry::read_wkt("MULTIPOLYGON(((0 1,2 5,5 3,0 1)),((1 1,5 2,5 0,1 1)))", mpol);

        // Create the buffer of a multi polygon
        boost::geometry::buffer(mpol, result,
                    distance_strategy, side_strategy,
                    join_strategy, end_strategy, circle_strategy);

        return 0;
    }

###### The linestring case

###### The multi_point case

###### The multi_polygon case

###### Available Strategies

- JoinStrategy: join_round (cartesian)
- JoinStrategy: join_miter (cartesian)
- EndStrategy: end_round (cartesian)
- EndStrategy: end_flat (cartesian)
- DistanceStrategy: distance_symmetric
- DistanceStrategy: distance_asymmetric
- PointStrategy: point_circle (cartesian)
- PointStrategy: point_square (cartesian)
- PointStrategy: geographic_point_circle (geographic)
- SideStrategy: side_straight (cartesian)